時動態地修改內核的運行參數
sysctl命令 被用于在內核運行時動態地修改內核的運行參數，可用的內核參數在目錄/proc/sys中。它包含一些TCP/ip堆棧和虛擬內存系統的高級選項， 這可以讓有經驗的管理員提高引人注目的系統性能。用sysctl可以讀取設置超過五百個系統變量。
sysctl(選項)(參數)
-n：打印值時不打印關鍵字；
-e：忽略未知關鍵字錯誤；
-N：僅打印名稱；
-w：當改變sysctl設置時使用此項；
-p：從配置文件“/etc/sysctl.conf”加載內核參數設置；
-a：打印當前所有可用的內核參數變量和值；
-A：以表格方式打印當前所有可用的內核參數變量和值。
變量=值：設置內核參數對應的變量值。
查看所有可讀變量：
sysctl -a
讀一個指定的變量，例如kern.maxproc：
sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044
要設置一個指定的變量，直接用variable=value這樣的語法：
sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000
kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000
您可以使用sysctl修改系統變量，也可以通過編輯sysctl.conf文件來修改系統變量。sysctl.conf看起來很像rc.conf。它用variable=value的形式來設定值。指定的值在系統進入多用戶模式之后被設定。并不是所有的變量都可以在這個模式下設定。
sysctl變量的設置通常是字符串、數字或者布爾型。（布爾型用 1 來表示'yes'，用 0 來表示'no'）。
sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0
sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1
sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1
編輯此文件：/etc/sysctl.conf
如果該文件為空，則輸入以下內容，否則請根據情況自己做調整：
# Controls source route verification
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1
# Disables IP source routing
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm
# Only uncomment if needed!
# kernel.shmmax = 67108864
# Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0
# enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets
# Default should work for all interfaces
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1
# net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1
# Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25
# Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
# Turn on the tcp_window_scaling
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
# Turn on the tcp_sack
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
# tcp_fack should be on because of sack
net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1
# Turn on the tcp_timestamps
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
# Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Enable ignoring broadcasts request
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
# Enable bad error message Protection
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
# make more local ports available
# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
# set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′
net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5
# Lower syn retry rates
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3
# Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048
# Various Settings
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024
# Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached
net.core.hot_list_length = 256
# Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000
# This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues
net.core.rmem_default = 65535
net.core.rmem_max = 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608
net.core.wmem_default = 65535
net.core.wmem_max = 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608
net.core.optmem_max = 40960
如果希望屏蔽別人 ping 你的主機，則加入以下代碼：
# Disable ping requests
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1
編輯完成后，請執行以下命令使變動立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1